Multiple fragments, omate detail

Plaster and white marble from the south interior wall of the Fleisher Art Memorial Sanctuary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

plaster ceiling medallion

Plaster fragment with multiple layers

Sampled by Jiwen Fan on May 6, 2025.

Sampled by Jiwen Fan on May 6, 2025.

Pointing mortar

pointing mortar with red paint

Air-entrainment is generally used in exterior environments where freeze-thaw events are present. Air-entrainment significantly increases durability against freezing by creating millions of microscopic, protective air bubbles (typically 4-7% total volume), resulting in a more porous, less reflective, and less dense surface. It is notoriously difficult to polish. Air-entrainment was discovered accidentally in the 1930s.

Portland stone fragment circa 1738-42.

Portland stone fragment circa 1738-42.

Portland stone fragment circa 1738-42.

Paint chips from the following buildings in Guyama:

(1870-1890)
1. 4 E. Cecelio Dominguez: ~1860-1890
2. 6 E. Cecelio Dominguez: 1882
3. 48 N. Santiago Palmer: ~1890
(1890-1910)
4. 3 N. Ashford: ~1900 16
5. 47 N. Santiago Palmer: 1890-1910
6. 88 N. Santiago Palmer: ~ 1900
7. 102 N. Santiago Palmer: ~1900
8. 103 N. Santiago Palmer: 1900
9. 104 N. Santiago Palmer: ~1910 17
10. 106 N. Santiago Palmer: ~1910

(1910-1940)
11. 108 N. Santiago Palmer: ~ 1940

A tufaceous limestone quarried from the 18th Century quarry for the Mission San Jose in San Antonio, Texas.